Lytgobi: how was the first human dose set?
futibatinib · FGFR1-4 (covalent)
First-in-human starting dose
Not stated in public reviews
Why it's blank
The public FDA and EMA reviews of Lytgobi don't say how the first human dose was chosen. That rationale is in the IND, which is confidential, so it is missing for most approved products.
How it's usually set for oncology small molecules (ICH S9)
HNSTD/STD10 is the method used for anticancer drugs in patients: the start dose is one-sixth of the highest non-severely toxic dose (HNSTD) in non-rodents, or one-tenth of the dose severely toxic to 10% of rodents (STD10), scaled by body surface area. The aim is a dose that is pharmacologically active yet reasonably safe.
“A common approach for many small molecules is to set a start dose at 1/10 the Severely Toxic Dose in 10% of the animals (STD 10) in rodents. If the non-rodent is the most appropriate species, then 1/6 the Highest Non-Severely Toxic Dose (HNSTD) is considered an appropriate starting dose.”
This product's starting point
NOAEL / key findings: Increased plasma phosphorus, ectopic mineralization in multiple tissues and bone lesions at clinically relevant exposures (FDA multi-discipline review, p. 42)
NOAEL / key findings
Increased plasma phosphorus, ectopic mineralization in multiple tissues and bone lesions at clinically relevant exposures
“Drug‐related findings in both species were consistent with FGFR inhibition including increases in plasma phosphorus, ectopic mineralization in multiple tissues, and lesions in bone at exposure levels that are in range with human exposures at the recommended clinical dose of 20 mg.”
Same question, other small molecules
Derivation not stated; clinical exposures at 180-960 mg were below those at the rat STD10 but above those at the dog HNSTD
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Cypsedo
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Hyrnuo
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Idvynso
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Inluriyo
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Inpefa
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Inqovi
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Inrebic
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Iqirvo
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Isturisa
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Itovebi
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Jascayd
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Jaypirca
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Jesduvroq
daprodustat · HIF prolyl hydroxylaseNot stated in public reviews
Jideytro
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Joenja
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Journavx
suzetrigine · NaV1.8Not stated in public reviews
Kerendia
finerenone · Mineralocorticoid receptorNot stated in public reviews
Klisyri
tirbanibulin · Tubulin / SrcNot stated in public reviews
Komzifti
ziftomenib · Menin-KMT2ANot stated in public reviews
Koselugo
selumetinib · MEK1/2Not stated in public reviews
Krazati
adagrasib · KRAS G12CNot stated in public reviews
Kygevvi
doxecitine and doxribtimine · Pyrimidine nucleoside replacement (TK2 deficiency)Not stated in public reviews
Lampit
nifurtimox · Trypanosoma cruziNot stated in public reviews
Lazcluze
lazertinib · EGFR (mutant-selective)Not stated in public reviews
Leqselvi
deuruxolitinib · JAK1/JAK2Not stated in public reviews
Lifyorli
relacorilant · Glucocorticoid receptor (antagonist)Not stated in public reviews
Litfulo
ritlecitinib · JAK3/TEC kinasesNot stated in public reviews
Livdelzi
seladelpar · PPARδNot stated in public reviews
Livmarli
maralixibat · IBAT (ASBT)Not stated in public reviews
Livtencity
maribavir · CMV UL97 protein kinaseNot stated in public reviews
Lupkynis
voclosporin · CalcineurinNot stated in public reviews
Lybalvi
olanzapine and samidorphan · D2/5-HT2A; opioid receptors (samidorphan)Not stated in public reviews
Lynavoy
linerixibat · IBATNot stated in public reviews
Lynkuet
elinzanetant · NK1/NK3 receptorsNot stated in public reviews
Mayzent
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Miebo
perfluorohexyloctane · Tear film evaporation barrierNot stated in public reviews
Miplyffa
arimoclomol · Heat-shock response amplifierNot stated in public reviews
Modeyso
dordaviprone · DRD2 antagonist / ClpP agonistNot stated in public reviews
Myqorzo
aficamten · Cardiac myosinNot stated in public reviews
Nereus
tradipitant · NK1 receptorNot stated in public reviews
Nexletol
bempedoic acid · ATP citrate lyaseNot stated in public reviews
Nextstellis
drospirenone and estetrol · Estrogen / progestin receptorsNot stated in public reviews
Nourianz
istradefylline · Adenosine A2A receptorNot stated in public reviews
Nubeqa
darolutamide · Androgen receptorNot stated in public reviews
Nurtec ODT
rimegepant · CGRP receptorNot stated in public reviews
Nuzolvence
zoliflodacin · Bacterial topoisomerase IINot stated in public reviews
Ogsiveo
nirogacestat · Gamma secretaseNot stated in public reviews
Ohtuvayre
ensifentrine · PDE3/PDE4Not stated in public reviews
Ojemda
tovorafenib · RAF (type II pan-RAF)Not stated in public reviews
Ojjaara
momelotinib · JAK1/JAK2/ACVR1Not stated in public reviews
Olinvyk
oliceridine · μ-opioid receptor (G-protein biased)Not stated in public reviews
Omlonti
omidenepag isopropyl · EP2 receptorNot stated in public reviews
Ongentys
opicapone · COMTNot stated in public reviews
Orgovyx
relugolix · GnRH receptorNot stated in public reviews
Orladeyo
berotralstat · Plasma kallikreinNot stated in public reviews
Orlynvah
sulopenem etzadroxil and probenecid · Penicillin-binding proteinsNot stated in public reviews
Orserdu
elacestrant · Estrogen receptor (SERD)Not stated in public reviews
Orzeyful
oveporexton · Orexin OX2 receptor agonistNot stated in public reviews
Oxbryta
voxelotor · HbS polymerisationNot stated in public reviews
Palsonify
paltusotine · Somatostatin receptor 2Not stated in public reviews
Paxlovid
nirmatrelvir and ritonavir · SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (3CL protease)Not stated in public reviews
Pemazyre
pemigatinib · FGFR1-3Not stated in public reviews
Piqray
alpelisib · PI3KαNot stated in public reviews
Pizensy
lactitol · Osmotic laxativeNot stated in public reviews
Ponvory
ponesimod · S1P1 receptorNot stated in public reviews
Pretomanid
pretomanid · Mycobacterial cell wall / respirationNot stated in public reviews
Pyrukynd
mitapivat · Pyruvate kinase (activator)Not stated in public reviews
Qelbree
viloxazine · Norepinephrine reuptakeNot stated in public reviews
Qinlock
ripretinib · KIT/PDGFRANot stated in public reviews
Qulipta
atogepant · CGRP receptorNot stated in public reviews
Quviviq
daridorexant · Orexin OX1/OX2 receptorsNot stated in public reviews
Rapiblyk
landiolol · β1-adrenergic receptorNot stated in public reviews
Rasonque
daraxonrasib · RAS(ON) multi-selectiveNot stated in public reviews
Recarbrio
imipenem, cilastatin and relebactam · Beta-lactamase (relebactam)Not stated in public reviews
Relyvrio
sodium phenylbutyrate and taurursodiol · ER stress / mitochondrial (proposed)Not stated in public reviews
Retevmo
selpercatinib · RETNot stated in public reviews
Revtorpyk
gedatolisib · PI3K/mTORNot stated in public reviews
Revuforj
revumenib · Menin-KMT2ANot stated in public reviews
Reyvow
lasmiditan · 5-HT1F receptorNot stated in public reviews
Rezdiffra
resmetirom · Thyroid hormone receptor βNot stated in public reviews
Rezlidhia
olutasidenib · IDH1 (mutant)Not stated in public reviews
Rezurock
belumosudil · ROCK2Not stated in public reviews
Rezzayo
rezafungin · Fungal glucan synthaseNot stated in public reviews
Rhapsido
remibrutinib · BTKNot stated in public reviews
Rinvoq
upadacitinib · JAK1Not stated in public reviews
Romvimza
vimseltinib · CSF1RNot stated in public reviews
Rozlytrek
entrectinib · TRK/ROS1/ALKNot stated in public reviews
Rukobia
fostemsavir · HIV-1 gp120 (attachment)Not stated in public reviews
Sephience
sepiapterin · Tetrahydrobiopterin precursorNot stated in public reviews
Simtriyo
centanafadine · Triple monoamine reuptakeNot stated in public reviews
Skyclarys
omaveloxolone · Nrf2 activatorNot stated in public reviews
Sofdra
sofpironium · Muscarinic receptors (topical)Not stated in public reviews
Sohonos
palovarotene · RARγNot stated in public reviews
Sotyktu
deucravacitinib · TYK2Not stated in public reviews
Sunlenca
lenacapavir · HIV-1 capsidNot stated in public reviews
Sunosi
solriamfetol · Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptakeNot stated in public reviews
Tabrecta
capmatinib · METNot stated in public reviews
Tavneos
avacopan · C5a receptor (C5aR1)Not stated in public reviews
Tazverik
tazemetostat · EZH2Not stated in public reviews
Tepmetko
tepotinib · METNot stated in public reviews
Trikafta
elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor · CFTRNot stated in public reviews
Truqap
capivasertib · AKT1-3Not stated in public reviews
Truseltiq
infigratinib · FGFR1-3Not stated in public reviews
Tryptyr
acoltremon · TRPM8 agonistNot stated in public reviews
Tryvio
aprocitentan · Endothelin A/B receptorsNot stated in public reviews
Tukysa
tucatinib · HER2Not stated in public reviews
Turalio
pexidartinib · CSF1RNot stated in public reviews
Ubrelvy
ubrogepant · CGRP receptorNot stated in public reviews
Ukoniq
umbralisib · PI3Kδ / CK1εNot stated in public reviews
Utebzi
tebipenem pivoxil · Penicillin-binding proteinsNot stated in public reviews
Vafseo
vadadustat · HIF prolyl hydroxylaseNot stated in public reviews
Vanflyta
quizartinib · FLT3Not stated in public reviews
Veklury
remdesivir · SARS-CoV-2 RNA polymeraseNot stated in public reviews
Velsipity
etrasimod · S1P1/S1P4/S1P5 receptorsNot stated in public reviews
Veozah
fezolinetant · Neurokinin-3 receptorNot stated in public reviews
Veppanu
vepdegestrant · Estrogen receptor (PROTAC degrader)Not stated in public reviews
Verquvo
vericiguat · Soluble guanylate cyclaseNot stated in public reviews
Vivjoa
oteseconazole · Fungal CYP51Not stated in public reviews
Vizz
aceclidine · Muscarinic agonist (miotic)Not stated in public reviews
Vonjo
pacritinib · JAK2/FLT3Not stated in public reviews
Voquezna
vonoprazan · H+/K+-ATPase (potassium-competitive)Not stated in public reviews
Voranigo
vorasidenib · IDH1/IDH2Not stated in public reviews
Voydeya
danicopan · Complement factor DNot stated in public reviews
Vtama
tapinarof · Aryl hydrocarbon receptorNot stated in public reviews
Vyndaqel
tafamidis · Transthyretin (stabiliser)Not stated in public reviews
Wakix
pitolisant · Histamine H3 receptorNot stated in public reviews
Wayrilz
rilzabrutinib · BTK (reversible covalent)Not stated in public reviews
Welireg
belzutifan · HIF-2αNot stated in public reviews
Winlevi
clascoterone · Androgen receptor (topical)Not stated in public reviews
Xacduro
sulbactam and durlobactam · PBPs; beta-lactamase (durlobactam)Not stated in public reviews
Xcopri
cenobamate · Sodium channel / GABA-ANot stated in public reviews
Xdemvy
lotilaner · Mite GABA-Cl channelNot stated in public reviews
Xeglyze
abametapir · Lice metalloproteinasesNot stated in public reviews
Xenleta
lefamulin · Bacterial ribosome (50S PTC)Not stated in public reviews
Xocova
ensitrelvir · SARS-CoV-2 3CL proteaseNot stated in public reviews
Xolremdi
mavorixafor · CXCR4Not stated in public reviews
Zavzpret
zavegepant · CGRP receptorNot stated in public reviews
Zaynich
cefepime and zidebactam · PBPs; beta-lactam enhancer (zidebactam)Not stated in public reviews
Zegfrovy
sunvozertinib · EGFR exon 20 insertionNot stated in public reviews
Zenbexus
iberdomide · Cereblon (CELMoD)Not stated in public reviews
Zeposia
ozanimod · S1P1/S1P5 receptorNot stated in public reviews
Zepzelca
lurbinectedin · DNA minor groove (transcription)Not stated in public reviews
Zevtera
ceftobiprole medocaril · Penicillin-binding proteinsNot stated in public reviews
Zokinvy
lonafarnib · FarnesyltransferaseNot stated in public reviews
Ztalmy
ganaxolone · GABA-A receptor (positive modulator)Not stated in public reviews
Zulresso
brexanolone · GABA-A receptor (positive modulator)Not stated in public reviews
Zurzuvae
zuranolone · GABA-A receptor (positive modulator)Not stated in public reviews
Zycubo
copper histidinate · Copper replacement (Menkes disease)Not stated in public reviews