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Species
Mouse only: WAS knockout (C57BL/6 and SV129) mice with murine surrogate cells; Rag2-/-IL2rg-/- mice for human-cell fate
“Two different WAS disease models were used to evaluate in vivo safety of transduced HSPCs: a WAS knockout (WKO) mouse on a C57BL/6 background”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 34Source ↗
Why that species
Autologous human cells cannot be used in animals; murine Lin- HSPCs functionally equivalent to human CD34+; Rag2-/-IL2rg-/- avoids immunogenicity
“The impossibility of using autologous human cells in animal models limits the scope of possible nonclinical studies.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 40Source ↗
Surrogate molecule
Yes: mouse Lin- HSPCs transduced with w1.6W or clinical w1.6W_mut6 vector as surrogate test article
“In both models, the test article was comprised of a mouse surrogate test article”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 34Source ↗
Species: general tox
Mouse only: WAS knockout mice on C57BL/6 (sublethal irradiation) and SV129 (lethal irradiation) backgrounds
“Thus, two different WAS disease models were used to evaluate in vivo safety of transduced HSPCs: a WAS knockout (WKO) mouse on a C57BL/6 background, which required sublethal irradiation conditioning for transduced cell engraftment and a WKO mouse on SV129 background that required lethal irradiation conditioning.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 40Source ↗
Species: DART
Not conducted (patient population, nature of gene therapy, conditioning with developmental toxicants)
“The absence of standard developmental and reproductive toxicity studies with Telethon003 is acceptable in view of the patient population, nature of the gene therapy, and preconditioning regimen with developmental toxicants.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 42Source ↗
Species: carcinogenicity
Not conducted (not suitable for this product type)
“Traditional carcinogenicity studies were not conducted since they are not suitable for assessment of this drug product type.”
✓ VerifiedFDA pharmacology/toxicology review, p. 20Source ↗
Surrogate used in
Yes: murine Lin- HSPCs transduced with w1.6W or clinical w1.6W_mut6 vector as test article in WKO mouse models
“In both models, the test article was a lineage-deficient (Lin-) HSPCs transduced with either the w1.6W or the w1.6W_mut6 (clinical) vector.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 40Source ↗

Same question, other gene therapies

Adstiladrin

nadofaragene firadenovec · IFN-alpha2b (adenovirus, intravesical)
Cynomolgus monkey for rAd-IFN/Syn3 GLP tox; rat and monkey for excipient Syn3

Beqvez

fidanacogene elaparvovec · Factor IX
Cynomolgus monkey and mouse (tox); hemophilia B dog and mouse (pharmacology); rabbit (shedding)

Casgevy

exagamglogene autotemcel · BCL11A enhancer (CRISPR-Cas9, ex vivo HSC)
Mouse only (irradiated NSG immunodeficient xenotransplant mice)

Elevidys

delandistrogene moxeparvovec · Micro-dystrophin
Mouse only (wild-type C57BL/6J and mdx disease model); NHP only in non-GLP supporting studies

Fayuvi

rebisufligene etisparvovec · SGSH (AAV9)
Wild-type C57BL/6 mice only (6-month and 3-month GLP studies)

Genglycos

pariglasgene brecaparvovec · G6PC (AAV8)
Mouse (adult and juvenile C57BL/6N) and juvenile cynomolgus monkey; GLP single-dose studies

Glybera

alipogene tiparvovec · LPL (AAV1)
Wild-type mouse only for GLP tox; PD in LPL-/- mice and LPL-deficient cats; biodistribution in cats, mice, rabbits

Hemgenix

etranacogene dezaparvovec · Factor IX
Mouse and cynomolgus monkey

Imlygic

talimogene laherparepvec · GM-CSF (oncolytic HSV-1)
Mouse (BALB/c) for GLP tox; single-dose studies also in rats and dogs; no permissive/relevant species for human GM-CSF

Itvisma

onasemnogene abeparvovec (intrathecal) · SMN1 (AAV9, intrathecal)
Cynomolgus monkey (pivotal IT tox); FVB mice for ICV safety and fertility/EFD; SMA piglet and SMN-delta7 mouse pharmacology

Kebilidi

eladocagene exuparvovec · AADC
Rat (pivotal GLP); cynomolgus monkey for biodistribution/excipient studies

Kresladi

marnetegragene autotemcel · ITGB2 (LVV, ex vivo HSC)
Mouse only (CD18HYP/CD18KO disease models, recipient mice, NSG mice); no large-animal tox

Lenmeldy

atidarsagene autotemcel · ARSA (LVV, ex vivo HSC)
Mouse (As2-/- MLD model, murine ARSA-LV HSPCs) for pivotal GLP; immunodeficient mice for human-cell biodistribution

Luxturna

voretigene neparvovec · RPE65
Dog (normal-sighted and RPE65-mutant Briard) and non-human primate

Lyfgenia

lovotibeglogene autotemcel · HBB T87Q (LVV, ex vivo HSC)
Mouse only (beta-thalassemic and wild-type C57BL/6 transplant models; immunodeficient mice for human cells)

Otarmeni

lunsotogene parvec · OTOF (AAV, intracochlear)
Mouse (Otof-Q828X hom disease model) and cynomolgus monkey

Papzimeos

zopapogene imadenovec · HPV6/11 antigens (gorilla adenovirus)
Mouse only (wild-type C57BL/6); no NHP studies

Roctavian

valoctocogene roxaparvovec · Factor VIII
Mouse (CD1, Rag2-/-, hemophilia A models) and cynomolgus/rhesus monkey; all males

Skysona

elivaldogene autotemcel · ABCD1 (LVV, ex vivo HSC)
Mouse only: myeloablated immunodeficient NSG/NSGS mice given human CD34+ HSCs

Strimvelis

autologous CD34+ cells transduced with ADA (no INN) · ADA (gamma-retroviral, ex vivo HSC)
NSG immunodeficient mouse only (xenograft of transduced human CD34+ cells)

Tudriqev

vusolimogene oderparepvec · GALV-GP + GM-CSF (oncolytic HSV-1)
Tumor-bearing immunocompetent mice (TUDRIQEV, mRP1) and healthy rats (murine surrogate mRP1)

Vyjuvek

beremagene geperpavec · COL7A1 (HSV-1, topical)
Mouse only (BALB/c) for GLP tox; single species

Zevaskyn

prademagene zamikeracel · COL7A1 (RV-modified keratinocyte sheets)
Mouse only (immunodeficient mice with implanted human keratinocyte products); no relevant large-animal species

Zolgensma

onasemnogene abeparvovec · SMN1
Mouse only for pivotal GLP tox (neonatal FVB); NHP only in non-GLP studies (later 6-month juvenile NHP study in label)

Zynteglo

betibeglogene autotemcel · HBB T87Q (LVV, ex vivo HSC)
Mouse only (beta-thalassaemic Hbbth1/th1 and wild-type C57BL/6; immunodeficient NSG for human HSC); murine surrogate product

Summary across all 26 gene therapies →