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Gardasil 9: which tox species, and why?

human papillomavirus 9-valent vaccine, recombinant · HPV 9-valent L1 VLPs
Species
Rat only (repeat-dose, fertility/embryo-foetal and postnatal studies)
“Toxicology studies supporting the safety of the 9vHPV vaccine included 3 GLP-compliant studies in rats consisting of: i) a repeat-dose toxicity study (with local tolerance and non-GLP immunogenicity assessments), ii) an intramuscular developmental toxicity and immunogenicity study with female fertility and embryo-foetal evaluation and iii) an intramuscular developmental toxicity and immunogenicity study with postnatal evaluation.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 24Source ↗
Why that species
Rat immunogenic: humoral responses to all 9 HPV types at all dose levels in the toxicity study
“the 9vHPV vaccine induced humoral immune responses against all 9 HPV serotypes (HPV Type 6, -11, -16, -18, -33, -31, -45, -52, and -58) following one or four intramuscular injections to rats at all dose levels, as a pharmacological effect.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 25Source ↗
Surrogate molecule
No surrogate; Gardasil 9 itself tested in all three GLP studies
“The nonclinical toxicology of Gardasil 9 was evaluated in 3 studies, all carried out under GLP-compliant conditions.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 22Source ↗
Species: general tox
Rat
“Toxicology studies supporting the safety of the 9vHPV vaccine included 3 GLP-compliant studies in rats consisting of: i) a repeat-dose toxicity study (with local tolerance and non-GLP immunogenicity assessments), ii) an intramuscular developmental toxicity and immunogenicity study with female fertility and embryo-foetal evaluation and iii) an intramuscular developmental toxicity and immunogenicity study with postnatal evaluation.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 24Source ↗
Species: DART
Rat (female fertility/embryo-foetal and postnatal development)
“The reproductive and developmental toxicity of the 9vHPV vaccine was assessed in two GLP-compliant studies using female rats.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 25Source ↗
Species: carcinogenicity
Not conducted
“The oncogenic/carcinogenic potential of the 9vHPV vaccine in long and short-term studies was not evaluated. According to current requirements as mentioned above, carcinogenicity studies are generally not required for vaccines and this is acceptable also for Gardasil 9.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 25Source ↗
Surrogate used in
No surrogate used; Gardasil 9 tested directly
“The nonclinical toxicology of Gardasil 9 was evaluated in 3 studies, all carried out under GLP-compliant conditions.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 22Source ↗

Same question, other vaccines

Arexvy

respiratory syncytial virus vaccine, adjuvanted (AS01E) · RSV preF3; TLR4 (AS01E adjuvant)
Rabbit (repeat-dose toxicity, DART) and rat (DART); mice for immunogenicity only

Cervarix

human papillomavirus bivalent (types 16, 18) vaccine, recombinant, AS04-adjuvanted · HPV 16/18 L1 VLPs; TLR4 (AS04 adjuvant)
Rabbit (four repeat-dose studies) and rat (one repeat-dose, DART, safety pharmacology); dog for MPL alone

Cyfendus

anthrax vaccine adsorbed, adjuvanted · B. anthracis PA; TLR9 (CpG 7909 adjuvant)
Rat only

Fendrix

hepatitis B vaccine (rDNA), AS04C-adjuvanted · HBsAg VLPs; TLR4 (AS04C adjuvant)
Rabbit (repeat-dose toxicity of the vaccine)

Flublok

influenza vaccine, recombinant hemagglutinin · Influenza HA
Rat only for repeat-dose toxicity and DART (trivalent RIV3); dog and rat for safety pharmacology

Gardasil

human papillomavirus quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, 18) vaccine, recombinant · HPV 6/11/16/18 L1 VLPs
Mouse (repeat-dose), mouse and rat (single-dose), rat (DART), rabbit (local tolerance)

HBVaxPro

hepatitis B vaccine (rDNA) · HBsAg VLPs
Rat (repeat-dose); mouse and rat (single-dose), using the HBsAg-containing combination vaccine HEXAVAC

Heplisav-B

hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant), adjuvanted · HBsAg; TLR9 (CpG 1018 adjuvant)
Mouse, rat and cynomolgus monkey (repeat-dose); rabbit and baboon escalation studies

Mosquirix

RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine · P. falciparum CSP-HBsAg (RTS,S) VLPs; TLR4 (AS01 adjuvant)
Rabbit (vaccine repeat-dose); rat and rabbit for adjuvant components

Nuvaxovid

COVID-19 vaccine, recombinant spike protein nanoparticle, Matrix-M-adjuvanted · SARS-CoV-2 spike (nanoparticle)
Rabbit for the adjuvanted vaccine; rats and rabbits for Matrix-M1 adjuvant studies

PreHevbrio

hepatitis B vaccine (recombinant), 3-antigen · HBsAg S/pre-S1/pre-S2 VLPs
Rat only

Shingrix

zoster vaccine recombinant, AS01B-adjuvanted · VZV glycoprotein E; TLR4 (AS01B adjuvant)
Rat and rabbit

Summary across all 13 vaccines →