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Species
Cynomolgus monkey only
“Binding to human and cynomolgus CD20 and CD3 was confirmed in in vitro studies. Cynomolgus monkey was considered the pharmacological relevant species further used in toxicology studies.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 29Source ↗
Why that species
Binds CD20 and CD3 on human and monkey cells (CD3 affinity ~100-fold weaker in monkey); no binding to mouse/rat cells
“An additional binding study showed that odronextamab did not bind to either B-cells or T-cells isolated from mouse and rat.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 30Source ↗
Surrogate molecule
No surrogate; clinical molecule (REGN1979) tested in cynomolgus monkey
“The safety profile of odronextamab was evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys in 2 GLP-compliant repeat”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 34Source ↗
Species: general tox
Cynomolgus monkey only (4-week and 16-week weekly IV studies)
“The safety profile of odronextamab was evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys in 2 GLP-compliant repeat-dose toxicology studies following once weekly IV infusions of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/kg for 4 weeks (total of 5 doses) with a 12-week recovery period and following once weekly IV infusions of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg for 16 weeks (total of 17 doses) with a 14-week recovery period.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 34Source ↗
Species: DART
Fertility endpoints within repeat-dose monkey study (no findings up to 1 mg/kg/week); EFD not conducted (limited value in advanced cancer)
“There were no odronextamab-related findings in fertility endpoints or microscopic assessment of reproductive organs at doses of up to and including 1 mg/kg/week IV. Embryo-fetal developmental toxicology studies with odronextamab were not conducted as such studies are expected to have limited value in further understanding and communicating risks to patients with advanced cancer.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 35Source ↗
Species: carcinogenicity
Not conducted (ICH S9, advanced malignancies)
“As odronextamab is intended for use in patients with advanced malignancies, carcinogenicity studies were not conducted with odronextamab, consistent with ICH guideline S9 on non-clinical evaluation for anticancer pharmaceuticals”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 35Source ↗
Surrogate used in
No surrogate used; clinical molecule tested in cynomolgus monkey
“Cynomolgus monkey was considered the pharmacological relevant species further used in toxicology studies.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 29Source ↗

Same question, other multispecifics

Bizengri

zenocutuzumab · HER2 x HER3
Cynomolgus monkey only

Blincyto

blinatumomab · CD19 x CD3
Chimpanzee (only relevant species, limited non-terminal studies) plus mouse with murine surrogate

Columvi

glofitamab · CD20 x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey only

Elrexfio

elranatamab · BCMA x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey only

Epkinly

epcoritamab · CD20 x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey only

Hemlibra

emicizumab · FIXa x FX
Cynomolgus monkey only

Imdelltra

tarlatamab · DLL3 x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey (pivotal); mouse surrogate muS757 for EFD and 1-month study

Kimmtrak

tebentafusp · CD3 x gp100 (TCR fusion)
No relevant species; in vitro human cell/tissue assays only

Korjuny

catumaxomab · EpCAM x CD3
No relevant species; limited single-dose mouse, rat, one cynomolgus; BiLu mouse surrogate

Lunsumio

mosunetuzumab · CD20 x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey only

Lynozyfic

linvoseltamab · BCMA x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey only

Removab

catumaxomab · EpCAM x CD3
No relevant species; in vitro human cells plus mouse surrogate (BiLu); limited single-dose rodent/monkey

Rybrevant

amivantamab · EGFR x MET
Cynomolgus monkey only

Talvey

talquetamab · GPRC5D x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey only (tool molecule for pivotal tox); no rodent tox

Tecvayli

teclistamab · BCMA x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey only (rabbit used for SC local tolerance only)

Vabysmo

faricimab · VEGF-A x Ang-2
Cynomolgus monkey only for pivotal tox (rabbit dropped after early studies)

Ziihera

zanidatamab · HER2 x HER2 (biparatopic)
Cynomolgus monkey only

Summary across all 18 multispecifics →