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Species
No relevant species; limited single-dose mouse, rat, one cynomolgus; BiLu mouse surrogate
“None of the animal species analysed is suitable for assessing the safety of catumaxomab.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 37Source ↗
Why that species
No binding to cells from rodents, rabbit, dog or NHPs; CD3/EpCAM binding human-specific
“None of the studies demonstrated binding of catumaxomab to cells from non-clinical species.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 37Source ↗
Surrogate molecule
Yes: BiLu (anti-human EpCAM x anti-mouse CD3) in mice; only partially reflects catumaxomab
“Since BiLu recognises only murine CD3 but not murine EpCAM, the surrogate mAb only partially reflects the functionality of catumaxomab.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 37Source ↗
Species: general tox
No suitable species; limited single-dose catumaxomab studies in mouse, rat and cynomolgus monkey
“Therefore, a limited toxicology programme was performed, i.e. single dose toxicity studies with catumaxomab in mice, rats and cynomolgus.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 37Source ↗
Species: DART
Not conducted (no appropriate species; late-stage malignancy)
“Studies to investigate reproductive and developmental toxicity have not been performed due to the lack of an appropriate animal species, the intended patient population with late-stage malignant disease.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 38Source ↗
Species: carcinogenicity
Not conducted (ICH S6)
“Standard carcinogenicity studies are generally inappropriate for biotechnology-derived pharmaceuticals according to ICH S6.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 38Source ↗
Surrogate used in
Yes: surrogate mAb BiLu in mice (single escalating-dose study)
“In addition, a single escalating dose study was performed with the surrogate mAb BiLu in mice.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 37Source ↗

Same question, other multispecifics

Bizengri

zenocutuzumab · HER2 x HER3
Cynomolgus monkey only

Blincyto

blinatumomab · CD19 x CD3
Chimpanzee (only relevant species, limited non-terminal studies) plus mouse with murine surrogate

Columvi

glofitamab · CD20 x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey only

Elrexfio

elranatamab · BCMA x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey only

Epkinly

epcoritamab · CD20 x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey only

Hemlibra

emicizumab · FIXa x FX
Cynomolgus monkey only

Imdelltra

tarlatamab · DLL3 x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey (pivotal); mouse surrogate muS757 for EFD and 1-month study

Kimmtrak

tebentafusp · CD3 x gp100 (TCR fusion)
No relevant species; in vitro human cell/tissue assays only

Lunsumio

mosunetuzumab · CD20 x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey only

Lynozyfic

linvoseltamab · BCMA x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey only

Ordspono

odronextamab · CD20 x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey only

Removab

catumaxomab · EpCAM x CD3
No relevant species; in vitro human cells plus mouse surrogate (BiLu); limited single-dose rodent/monkey

Rybrevant

amivantamab · EGFR x MET
Cynomolgus monkey only

Talvey

talquetamab · GPRC5D x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey only (tool molecule for pivotal tox); no rodent tox

Tecvayli

teclistamab · BCMA x CD3
Cynomolgus monkey only (rabbit used for SC local tolerance only)

Vabysmo

faricimab · VEGF-A x Ang-2
Cynomolgus monkey only for pivotal tox (rabbit dropped after early studies)

Ziihera

zanidatamab · HER2 x HER2 (biparatopic)
Cynomolgus monkey only

Summary across all 18 multispecifics →