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Blenrep: genotox, carcinogenicity and repro: done or skipped?

belantamab mafodotin · BCMA
Genotoxicity
No definitive ADC studies (expected genotoxic); ADC positive in in vitro human lymphocyte micronucleus screen; cys-mcMMAF Ames negative
“Definitive genetic toxicology studies with belantamab mafodotin have not been conducted as it would be expected to be genotoxic based on its mechanism of action. Belantamab mafodotin was genotoxic in an in vitro micronucleus screening assay in human lymphocytes.”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review (BLA 761158, 2020 accelerated approval (withdrawn 2023; approved again Oct 2025)), p. 65Source ↗
Genotox: what was tested
ADC: in vitro human lymphocyte micronucleus positive (non-GLP); payload cys-mcMMAF: Ames, mouse lymphoma, rat micronucleus negative
“Belantamab mafodotin was genotoxic in an in vitro micronucleus screening assay in human lymphocytes. Genotoxicity assessments of cys-mcMMAF showed it was not mutagenic in the Ames test or genotoxic in the in vitro mouse lymphoma assay”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review (BLA 761158, 2020 accelerated approval (withdrawn 2023; approved again Oct 2025)), p. 65Source ↗
Carcinogenicity
Not conducted (ICH S9, S6(R1))
“The absence of carcinogenicity studies is accepted in line with the ICH S9 and S6(R1) guidelines.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report (EPAR EMEA/H/C/004935/0000, 23 July 2020), p. 44Source ↗
Why no carcinogenicity study
Not conducted; absence accepted under ICH S9 and S6(R1)
“The absence of carcinogenicity studies is accepted in line with the ICH S9 and S6(R1) guidelines.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report (EPAR EMEA/H/C/004935/0000, 23 July 2020), p. 44Source ↗
Reproductive & developmental
Not conducted (ICH S9): cytotoxic/genotoxic ADC expected embryo-fetotoxic and teratogenic
“Reproductive and developmental studies were not conducted since cytotoxic (i.e. genotoxic) drugs such as belantamab mafodotin which target rapidly dividing cells, are expected to be embryo/feto toxic and teratogenic. This position is consistent with the ICH S9 guidance.”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review (BLA 761158, 2020 accelerated approval (withdrawn 2023; approved again Oct 2025)), p. 31Source ↗
Fertility study
Not conducted; repeat-dose rat studies indicate potential for impaired male and female fertility
“Fertility studies have not been conducted with belantamab mafodotin. Results of repeat-dose toxicity studies with intravenous administration of belantamab mafodotin in rats indicate the potential for impaired male and female reproductive function and fertility.”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review (BLA 761158, 2020 accelerated approval (withdrawn 2023; approved again Oct 2025)), p. 66Source ↗
Embryo-fetal study
Not conducted (ICH S9); cytotoxic (genotoxic) ADC expected to be embryo/feto toxic and teratogenic
“Reproductive and developmental studies were not conducted since cytotoxic (i.e. genotoxic) drugs such as belantamab mafodotin which target rapidly dividing cells, are expected to be embryo/feto toxic and teratogenic. This position is consistent with the ICH S9 guidance.”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review (BLA 761158, 2020 accelerated approval (withdrawn 2023; approved again Oct 2025)), p. 31Source ↗
Pre- and postnatal study
Not conducted
“No embryo-fetal or pre/ postnatal development studies have been conducted to support the development of belantamab mafodotin.”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review (BLA 761158, 2020 accelerated approval (withdrawn 2023; approved again Oct 2025)), p. 67Source ↗
Why reproductive studies were limited
Cytotoxic (genotoxic) ADC targeting rapidly dividing cells expected to be embryo/feto toxic and teratogenic (ICH S9)
“Reproductive and developmental studies were not conducted since cytotoxic (i.e. genotoxic) drugs such as belantamab mafodotin which target rapidly dividing cells, are expected to be embryo/feto toxic and teratogenic. This position is consistent with the ICH S9 guidance.”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review (BLA 761158, 2020 accelerated approval (withdrawn 2023; approved again Oct 2025)), p. 31Source ↗
Juvenile toxicity
Not stated in public reviews
Not reported in the public reviews. Reviewers summarise selectively, so this usually means it wasn't discussed publicly, not that it wasn't studied.
Phototoxicity
Not stated in public reviews
Not reported in the public reviews. Reviewers summarise selectively, so this usually means it wasn't discussed publicly, not that it wasn't studied.
Safety pharmacology
Incorporated into GLP rat and monkey repeat-dose studies; cys-mcMMAF hERG assay negative
“No stand-alone safety pharmacology studies were conducted, and safety pharmacology assessments were incorporated into the GLP-compliant general toxicology studies in Wistar Han rats and cynomolgus monkeys.”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review (BLA 761158, 2020 accelerated approval (withdrawn 2023; approved again Oct 2025)), p. 30Source ↗
Genotox: Ames
Payload cys-mcMMAF: Ames negative
“Genotoxicity assessments of cys-mcMMAF showed it was not mutagenic in the Ames test or genotoxic in the in vitro mouse lymphoma assay”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review, p. 65Source ↗
Genotox: in vitro mammalian
ADC positive in non-GLP in vitro micronucleus screen in human lymphocytes
“In a non-GLP study, belantamab mafodotin was genotoxic in an in vitro micronucleus screening assay in human lymphocytes, with a statistically significant increase in the number of micronucleated binucleate cells that exceeded the laboratory control range.”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review, p. 31Source ↗
Genotox: in vivo
Payload cys-mcMMAF negative in rat bone marrow micronucleus, attributed to low cell permeability of MMAF
“Although cys-mcMMAF was not genotoxic in the rat bone marrow micronucleus assay, this is considered to reflect the low cell permeability of MMAF (due to its charged C terminal phenylalanine), because freely permeable MMAE was genotoxic in this assay”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review, p. 65Source ↗
Carcinogenicity model
Not conducted (ICH S9, S6(R1))
“The absence of carcinogenicity studies is accepted in line with the ICH S9 and S6(R1) guidelines.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 44Source ↗
Carcinogenicity timing
Not required: no carcinogenicity studies (ICH S9, S6(R1))
“The absence of carcinogenicity studies is accepted in line with the ICH S9 and S6(R1) guidelines.”
✓ VerifiedEMA assessment report, p. 44Source ↗
hERG / QT
cys-mcMMAF: no effect on hERG current up to 100 µM
“Cys-mcMMAF had no detectable effect on ionic currents in human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells stably expressing hERG channels at concentrations up to 100”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review, p. 30Source ↗

Email me this as a cited memo

Skipped studies for Blenrep, each with the regulator's own words, the page and a link. Ready to paste into a briefing document or send to your team.

Same question, other ADCs

Adcetris

brentuximab vedotin · CD30
Conducted on MMAE: Ames and mouse lymphoma negative; rat micronucleus positive (aneugenic)

Besponsa

inotuzumab ozogamicin · CD22
Conducted: calicheamicin positive in Ames and in vitro micronucleus; ADC clastogenic in mouse micronucleus

Datroway

datopotamab deruxtecan · Trop-2
Not conducted with ADC; DXd Ames negative, clastogenic in vitro chromosome aberration and in vivo rat micronucleus

Decnupaz

pivekimab sunirine · CD123
Not conducted with ADC (ICH S9); FGN849 positive in Ames TA102, in vitro and in vivo micronucleus

Elahere

mirvetuximab soravtansine · FRα
Not conducted with ADC; DM4 and S-methyl-DM4 Ames negative, rat bone marrow micronucleus positive

Emrelis

telisotuzumab vedotin · c-Met
Not conducted with ADC; MMAE aneugenic (positive rat micronucleus), Ames and mouse lymphoma negative

Enhertu

fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan · HER2
Not conducted with ADC; DXd clastogenic (rat micronucleus, CHL chromosome aberration), Ames negative

Kadcyla

ado-trastuzumab emtansine · HER2
Conducted on DM1: Ames negative; rat micronucleus positive (aneugenic/clastogenic); monkey micronucleus inconclusive

Mylotarg

gemtuzumab ozogamicin · CD33
Conducted: ADC clastogenic in mouse micronucleus; free calicheamicin DMH mutagenic and clastogenic in vitro

Padcev

enfortumab vedotin · Nectin-4
Not conducted with ADC; MMAE Ames and mouse lymphoma negative, rat micronucleus positive (aneugenic)

Polivy

polatuzumab vedotin · CD79b
Not conducted with ADC; MMAE Ames and mouse lymphoma negative, rat micronucleus positive (aneugenic)

Tivdak

tisotumab vedotin · Tissue factor
Not conducted with ADC; MMAE: Ames and mouse lymphoma negative, rat micronucleus positive (aneugenic)

Trodelvy

sacituzumab govitecan · Trop-2
Not conducted with ADC; SN-38 Ames negative, in vitro micronucleus positive (clastogenic)

Zynlonta

loncastuximab tesirine · CD19
Not conducted with ADC; SG3199 clastogenic in vitro (micronucleus, chromosome aberration); Ames not assessable (cytotoxicity)

Summary across all 15 ADCs →