Abecma
idecabtagene vicleucel · BCMA CAR-TNot conducted (traditional); insertion site analysis of 20 clinical lots
Spherox: genotox, carcinogenicity and repro: done or skipped?
spheroids of autologous matrix-associated chondrocytes · Autologous chondrocyte spheroids
Genotoxicity
Not conducted (per cell-based product guideline)
“No genotoxicity, conventional carcinogenicity and reproductive- and developmental toxicity studies were performed”
Carcinogenicity
Not conducted (conventional); 6-month GLP mouse tumourigenicity part and in vitro senescence studies
“No genotoxicity, conventional carcinogenicity and reproductive- and developmental toxicity studies were performed”
Instead of carcinogenicity
Not stated in public reviews
Not reported in the public reviews. Reviewers summarise selectively, so this usually means it wasn't discussed publicly, not that it wasn't studied.
Instead of genotoxicity
Not applicable: cells not genetically modified
“No genotoxicity, conventional carcinogenicity and reproductive- and developmental toxicity studies were performed”
DRG histopathology
Not stated in public reviews
Not reported in the public reviews. Reviewers summarise selectively, so this usually means it wasn't discussed publicly, not that it wasn't studied.
Reproductive & developmental
Not conducted; autologous cells with local action and limited biodistribution
“Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies were not conducted.”
Safety pharmacology
Not evaluated; autologous cells implanted locally, no secreted substances affecting vital organs
“Safety pharmacology was not evaluated with Spherox.”
Genotox: Ames
Not conducted (in line with cell-based product guideline)
“No genotoxicity, conventional carcinogenicity and reproductive- and developmental toxicity studies were performed”
Genotox: in vitro mammalian
No standard assay; extended monolayer culture studies indicate genetic instability risk increasing with passage number
“Data also indicate a risk for genetic instability which increases with higher number of passages.”
Genotox: in vivo
Not conducted (in line with cell-based product guideline)
“No genotoxicity, conventional carcinogenicity and reproductive- and developmental toxicity studies were performed”
Carcinogenicity model
GLP NSG mouse study, human spheroids implanted subcutaneously: no tumour or ectopic tissue formation after 6 months
“In a GLP compliant study using immunodeficient NSG mice, biodistribution of cells out from human Spheroxs implanted subcutaneously into the back was investigated after 4 weeks. There were no indications of significant systemic distribution of the cells, or were there any indications of tumour or ectopic tissue formation after 6 months in the tumourigenicity part of this study.”
Carcinogenicity timing
Not required: conventional carcinogenicity omitted per cell-based product guideline
“No genotoxicity, conventional carcinogenicity and reproductive- and developmental toxicity studies were performed which is in line with the guideline on cell-based medicinal products (EMEA/CHMP/410869/2006).”
hERG / QT
Not conducted (safety pharmacology not evaluated)
“Safety pharmacology was not evaluated with Spherox.”
Same question, other cell therapies
Alofisel
darvadstrocel · Allogeneic adipose MSCNot conducted; cell-based product does not interact with DNA
Amtagvi
lifileucel · TIL therapyNot conducted (not warranted given product characteristics and biological activity)
Aucatzyl
obecabtagene autoleucel · CD19 CAR-TNot conducted (third-generation SIN lentiviral vector, release criterion, long-term clinical monitoring for insertional mutagenesis)
Breyanzi
lisocabtagene maraleucel · CD19 CAR-TNot conducted (traditional); lentiviral integration site mapping instead
Carvykti
ciltacabtagene autoleucel · BCMA CAR-TNot conducted (classical); lentiviral integration site analysis instead
ChondroCelect
characterised viable autologous cartilage cells · Autologous chondrocytesNot conducted (per cell-based product guideline)
Ebvallo
tabelecleucel · EBV-specific allogeneic T cellsNot conducted (ICH S6(R1)); non-genetically engineered cells
Encelto
revakinagene taroretcel · CNTF (encapsulated RPE cell implant)Done: ISO-10993 battery (bacterial, mammalian cell, mouse micronucleus on device extracts), negative
Gintuit
allogeneic cultured keratinocytes and fibroblasts in bovine collagen · Allogeneic keratinocytes + fibroblastsNot conducted (nature of product and clinical experience)
Holoclar
autologous corneal epithelial cells containing limbal stem cells · Autologous limbal stem cellsNot conducted (classical); in vitro karyotype analysis of cells
Kymriah
tisagenlecleucel · CD19 CAR-TNot conducted (classical); lentiviral integration site analysis on 14 donor products
Lantidra
donislecel · Allogeneic pancreatic isletsNot conducted
Laviv
azficel-T · Autologous fibroblastsNot conducted (autologous nature, prior human experience)
MACI
autologous cultured chondrocytes on porcine collagen membrane · Autologous chondrocytesNot conducted on cells; four studies on collagen membrane were non-mutagenic
Omisirge
omidubicel · Expanded cord blood HPCNo standard genotox; cytogenetic/karyotype analyses of CF and NF showed no clonal aneuploidy
Provenge
sipuleucel-T · PAP-GM-CSF (autologous APC)Not conducted (autologous nature of product)
Rethymic
allogeneic processed thymus tissue · Allogeneic thymus tissueNot conducted
Ryoncil
remestemcel-L · Allogeneic BM-MSCNot conducted (not warranted)
StrataGraft
allogeneic cultured keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts in murine collagen · Allogeneic keratinocytes + fibroblastsNot conducted
Tecartus
brexucabtagene autoleucel · CD19 CAR-TNot conducted (traditional); vector integration site analysis performed instead
Tecelra
afamitresgene autoleucel · MAGE-A4 TCR-TNot conducted (no test models or relevant species); integration site analysis showed polyclonal products, no selective insertion
Tregzi
allogeneic Treg immunotherapy with HSPC and T cells (Orca-T) · Allogeneic Treg + HSPC + TconNot conducted
Yescarta
axicabtagene ciloleucel · CD19 CAR-TNot conducted; literature review of retroviral-transduced T-cell transformation risk instead
Zalmoxis
allogeneic T cells modified with HSV-TK / dLNGFR (nalotimagene carmaleucel) · HSV-TK suicide-gene T cellsNot conducted; in vitro retroviral integration site analysis instead
Zemcelpro
dorocubicel · UM171-expanded cord blood CD34+Done for residual UM171 only (Ames, CHO micronucleus negative) plus cytogenetics of treated cells; none for cells