Rat and cynomolgus monkey (chronic study in monkey only)
“Because the shorter duration studies in rat and monkey demonstrated no toxicity, the chronic study was conducted only in cynomolgus monkey.”
✓ VerifiedFDA pharmacology/toxicology review, p. 71Source ↗
Why that species
Pharmacologically active in rat, rabbit, monkey and human in binding and functional in vitro assays
“Fremanezumab is pharmacologically active in rat, rabbit, monkey, and human, as characterized in a series of binding and functional in vitro assays.”
✓ VerifiedFDA pharmacology/toxicology review, p. 4Source ↗
Surrogate molecule
No surrogate; the clinical antibody was tested in rat and cynomolgus monkey
“General toxicology studies were conducted in rat and cynomolgus monkeys. In general, fremanezumab was well tolerated, with no significant adverse effects in either species.”
✓ VerifiedFDA pharmacology/toxicology review, p. 71Source ↗
Species: general tox
Rat (1- and 3-month) and cynomolgus monkey (1-, 3- and 6-month)
“The pivotal (GLP) toxicity studies were conducted in Sprague-Dawley rat (1- and 3-month) and cynomolgus monkey (1-, 3-, and 6-month).”
✓ VerifiedFDA pharmacology/toxicology review, p. 5Source ↗
Species: DART
Rat (fertility + EFD, pre/postnatal) and rabbit (EFD)
“Reproductive and developmental toxicity was assessed in a fertility + EFD study in rats, a EFD study in rabbits and a PPND study in rats.”
Not conducted; weight-of-evidence assessment judged standard studies unnecessary
“Based on published studies in CGRP knockout animals and on the biological activity of CGRP (e.g., promotion of angiogenesis) and on the results from the sponsor’s studies of fremanezumab, it was concluded that standard carcinogenicity studies of fremanezumab were not needed.”
✓ VerifiedFDA pharmacology/toxicology review, p. 6Source ↗
Surrogate used in
No surrogate used; clinical antibody active in rat, rabbit and monkey
“Fremanezumab is pharmacologically active in rat, rabbit, monkey, and human, as characterized in a series of binding and functional in vitro assays.”
✓ VerifiedFDA pharmacology/toxicology review, p. 4Source ↗