“The pivotal (GLP-compliant) oral toxicity studies were conducted in Sprague Dawley rat and minipig (Gottingen, Hanford).”
✓ VerifiedFDA pharmacology/toxicology review, p. 4Source ↗
Why that species
Minipig used as non-rodent after a dog study was stopped for emesis, tremors and other signs at all doses
“An additional study was initiated in beagle dog but was discontinued due to emesis, retching, tremors, loose feces, and increases in respiratory rate at all doses, including the low dose of 62.5 mg/kg PB/20.83 mg/kg TUDCA.”
✓ VerifiedFDA pharmacology/toxicology review, p. 46Source ↗
Surrogate molecule
No surrogate; the clinical compound was tested
“In vivo toxicology studies were conducted using AMX0035.”
✓ VerifiedFDA pharmacology/toxicology review, p. 46Source ↗
Species: general tox
Sprague Dawley rat and minipig
“The pivotal (GLP-compliant) oral toxicity studies were conducted in Sprague Dawley rat and minipig (Gottingen, Hanford).”
✓ VerifiedFDA pharmacology/toxicology review, p. 4Source ↗
Species: DART
CD-1 mouse and Sprague Dawley rat (full reproductive and developmental battery)
“A full battery of reproductive and developmental toxicology studies was conducted for AMX0035. In the pivotal studies in CD-1 mouse and Sprague Dawley rat, AMX0035 was administered by oral gavage at doses of 0, 187.5, 375, and 750 mg/kg BID (0, 375, 750, and 1500 mg/kg/day).”
✓ VerifiedFDA pharmacology/toxicology review, p. 5Source ↗
Species: carcinogenicity
Not conducted; mouse and rat studies to be done post-approval
“Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted. Carcinogenicity studies in mouse and rat may be conducted post-approval, as agreed to by the Division (Meeting Minutes, April 7, 2020, and July 22, 2021) because of the seriousness of the indication.”
✓ VerifiedFDA pharmacology/toxicology review, p. 6Source ↗
Surrogate used in
No surrogate used; the clinical combination was tested
“In vivo toxicology studies were conducted using AMX0035.”
✓ VerifiedFDA pharmacology/toxicology review, p. 46Source ↗