“Repeat-dose toxicity studies of up to six months duration in rats and nine months duration in dogs were conducted to support the chronic use of etrasimod in humans.”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review, p. 49Source ↗
Why that species
Rats sufficiently exposed to metabolites M3 and M6
“The overview shows that rats were exposed sufficiently to the metabolites M3 and M6 during toxicity testing.”
“No adverse effects were observed in rats or dogs at exposures up to 738- and 446-fold, respectively, the exposure at the MRHD (based on AUC comparison).”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review, p. 42Source ↗
Species: general tox
Rat (up to 6 months) and dog (up to 9 months)
“repeat-dose toxicology studies of up to six months duration in rats and nine months duration in dogs”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review, p. 42Source ↗
Species: DART
Rat and rabbit (standard DART battery)
“a standard battery of developmental and reproductive toxicity studies in rats and rabbits”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review, p. 42Source ↗
Species: carcinogenicity
CD-1 mouse and Sprague Dawley rat (lifetime bioassays)
“Bioassays were performed in Crl: CD1 (ICR) mice and Sprague Dawley rats.”
No surrogate used; etrasimod is a potent full agonist at mouse, dog and monkey S1P1
“In similar β-arrestin recruitment assays etrasimod was determined to be as well a potent full agonist on mouse, dog, and monkey S1P1 receptors with similar mean EC50 values, ranging from 3.65 to 8.70 nM (mean efficacy > 80% S1P), across species.”