“Pivotal repeated dose toxicity studies include studies in rats and cynomolgus monkeys with treatment durations, in both animal species, of 4, 13 and 26 weeks.”
Monkey: similar in vitro metabolic stability and protein binding to human; predictive of echinocandin toxicity in humans
“Cynomolgus monkeys were chosen as the nonrodent toxicology species due to similar in vitro metabolic stability and protein binding characteristics to humans and because monkeys have been shown to be predictive for echinocandin-induced toxicity in humans.”
“Pivotal repeated dose toxicity studies include studies in rats and cynomolgus monkeys with treatment durations, in both animal species, of 4, 13 and 26 weeks.”
Rat (fertility, EFD, pre/postnatal) and rabbit (EFD)
“Reproductive toxicity studies comprised studies on fertility and early embryonic development (Sprague Dawley rats), embryo-fetal development (Sprague Dawley rats, New Zealand White rabbits) and pre and postnatal development (Sprague Dawley rats).”
“No carcinogenicity studies have been conducted. Considering the proposed therapeutic indication and the proposed duration of treatment, this was considered a satisfactory approach.”
No surrogate used; monkey chosen as predictive of echinocandin toxicity in humans
“Cynomolgus monkeys were chosen as the nonrodent toxicology species due to similar in vitro metabolic stability and protein binding characteristics to humans and because monkeys have been shown to be predictive for echinocandin-induced toxicity in humans.”