“No studies were conducted in accordance with ICH S6(R1).”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review, p. 52Source ↗
Carcinogenicity
Not conducted; generally not appropriate for antibody therapies
“The Applicant did not conduct carcinogenicity or genetic toxicology studies as they are generally not appropriate for antibody therapies.”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review, p. 33Source ↗
Instead of carcinogenicity
Not stated in public reviews
Not reported in the public reviews. Reviewers summarise selectively, so this usually means it wasn't discussed publicly, not that it wasn't studied.
Instead of genotoxicity
Not stated in public reviews
Not reported in the public reviews. Reviewers summarise selectively, so this usually means it wasn't discussed publicly, not that it wasn't studied.
DRG histopathology
Not stated in public reviews
Not reported in the public reviews. Reviewers summarise selectively, so this usually means it wasn't discussed publicly, not that it wasn't studied.
Reproductive & developmental
Monkey EFD (weekly, GD20 to GD48): no maternal toxicity, embryo-fetal mortality or malformations up to 30 mg/kg
“Under the conditions tested, there were no effects on maternal toxicity or embryo‐fetal mortality or malformations at doses up to 30 mg/kg administered once weekly during the period of organogenesis from GD20 to GD48 in an embryo‐fetal toxicity study in cynomolgus monkeys.”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review, p. 53Source ↗
Safety pharmacology
No cardiovascular, respiratory or CNS effects in monkeys up to 50 mg/kg weekly for up to 6 months
“The FDA agrees that there were no tremelimumab‐related effects on cardiovascular, respiration, or central nervous system parameters in male and female cynomolgus monkeys at doses up to 50 mg/kg administered once weekly for up to 6 months.”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review, p. 39Source ↗
Genotox: Ames
Not conducted (generally not appropriate for antibody therapies)
“The Applicant did not conduct carcinogenicity or genetic toxicology studies as they are generally not appropriate for antibody therapies.”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review, p. 33Source ↗
Genotox: in vitro mammalian
Not conducted (generally not appropriate for antibody therapies)
“The Applicant did not conduct carcinogenicity or genetic toxicology studies as they are generally not appropriate for antibody therapies.”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review, p. 33Source ↗
Genotox: in vivo
Not conducted (generally not appropriate for antibody therapies)
“The Applicant did not conduct carcinogenicity or genetic toxicology studies as they are generally not appropriate for antibody therapies.”
✓ VerifiedFDA multi-discipline review, p. 33Source ↗
Carcinogenicity model
Not conducted
“The carcinogenic and genotoxic potential of tremelimumab-actl have not been evaluated.”
Not required; acceptable given the uHCC indication
“Carcinogenic potential of tremelimumab was not evaluated, and this is acceptable given the indication sought in the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC).”
No stand-alone studies; no dose-related ECG, heart rate, blood pressure or vital sign changes in monkey studies
“ECG, heart rate, blood pressure and vital signs (respiration rate and body temperature) was evaluated twice pre-dose and 5 min post dose in the GLP single dose study (tmax) and on several occasions during the dosing and recovery phase in the two repeat-dose studies. No dose-related changes from normal were observed in any study or on any occasion.”